SAP Basis Starter Guide

Contents

1 SAP R/3................................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.1 Tables........................................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2 Transactions........................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.1 Daily maintenance............................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.2 ABAP-related......................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.3 Backgroundjob-related....................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.4 Generally useful.................................................................................................................................... 2

1.2.5 Functional transactions...................................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Commands.................................................................................................................................................. 3

1.4 ABAP reports............................................................................................................................................ 3

1.5 Profileparameters............................................................................................................................... 3

1.6 Userids.......................................................................................................................................................... 3

1.6.1 Userids on SAP R/3 level..................................................................................................................... 3

1.6.2 Userids on databaselevel.................................................................................................................... 3

1.6.3 Userids on OS-level.............................................................................................................................. 3

1.6.4 Userid for Supportpackages............................................................................................................... 3

1.6.5 Userid for STMS.................................................................................................................................... 3

1.7 Logfiles........................................................................................................................................................ 3

2 Database............................................................................................................................................................. 4

2.1 General databaseknowledge...................................................................................................... 4

2.1.1 Database-commands............................................................................................................................ 4

2.1.1.1 SQL Select-statements......................................................................................................................... 4

2.1.1.2 SQL Alter-statements.......................................................................................................................... 4

2.1.1.3 SQL Other statements.......................................................................................................................... 4

2.2 Oracle........................................................................................................................................................... 4

2.2.1 important files....................................................................................................................................... 4

2.2.2 OSlevel-commands............................................................................................................................... 4

2.2.3 Brbackup/brrestore.............................................................................................................................. 4

2.3 MS SQL............................................................................................................................................................ 4

2.3.1 Stored procedures................................................................................................................................ 5

2.4 DB 2/400........................................................................................................................................................... 5

3 Operating system......................................................................................................................................... 6

3.1 General........................................................................................................................................................ 6

3.1.1 ftp............................................................................................................................................................. 6

3.1.2 General commands............................................................................................................................... 6

3.2 UNIX................................................................................................................................................................. 6

3.2.1 Simple commands................................................................................................................................. 6

3.2.2 A little more complex commands....................................................................................................... 6

3.3 NT..................................................................................................................................................................... 6

4 General issues................................................................................................................................................. 8

4.1 SAP Tools..................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.1.1 dbmon..................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.1.2 gwmon..................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.1.3 R3load.................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.1.4 R3setup................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.1.5 R3trans................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.1.6 sapdba, to be run as ora......................................................................................................... 8

4.1.7 saplicense, to be run from the ..\exe\run directory......................................................................... 8

4.1.8 saprouter................................................................................................................................................ 8

4.1.9 tp, to be run from the usr\sap\trans\bin............................................................................................ 8

1 SAP R/3

This document is created to get a comprehensive list of all actions that I have taken during the maintenance of the SAP. This to make sure that I forget as little as possible.

This document can be a good handle for basis consultants who are starting on the job.

1.1 Tables

DBSTATC	status of statistics-information per SAP-table
E070	Change-requests and their tasks and properties
E071	Objects in change-requests
KNA1	Necessary at sapscript-ABAP’s
MARA	Materiallist
PAT01, PAT03	Supportpackages and their status, also see table TEPSIN
TBATG	Holds runtime-transportinformation (don’t know yet what it exactly holds)
TBTCO	Batchjobinformation
TTZZ	Timezones.
USR01 ~ ...12	Userdata

1.2 Transactions

Good advise: don’t learn the transactioncodes by heart at first, but use the menu-paths. This way you will sooner get an overview of the systems possibilities.

1.2.1 Daily maintenance

SM21	Systemlog
SM37	Check the batchjobs
SM50/51	Show all processes on one server / all servers
SM66	Show all active process on the system
ST11	Display developer-traces
ST22	ABAP-dumps

1.2.2 ABAP-related

SE11	ABAP dictionary
SE16/SM30	Data browser/Table editor (3.1x’s SM31 is replaced by SM30)
SE37	Function builder
SE38	ABAP editor
SE41	Menu painter
SE51	Screen painter

1.2.3 Backgroundjob-related

RZ04	Operation modes
SM36	Create background job
SM37	Show background jobs
SM63	Operation mode calendar
SM65	Check backgroundjob-settings

1.2.4 Generally useful

AL11	SAP directories
DB02	Database performance: Tables and Indexes
PFCG	Profile generator
RZ10	Profile maintenance
SARA	Archiving
SCC4	Client change options
SE01	Transport organizer, use SE09 for ABAP-transports, SE10 for customizing transports
SE06 (4.x up)	System change options, see SCC4 for Client change options.
SE71	Maintain Layout-sets also known as sapscripts
SM02	System message
SMGW	Gateway administration
SMLG	Define logon-groups
SMLT	Language administration
SPAM	Support Package Manager
SPAU	ABAP-dictionary assistant during supportpackage-import
SPDD	Data-dictionary assistant during supportpackage-import
STFK	Search the customersystem that have an open connection to Walldorf

1.2.5 Functional transactions

MM01,2,3	Create, Modify, Display material data
PP01,2,3	Create, Modify, Display productionplant data
VA01,2,3	Create, Modify, Display sales order data

1.3 Commands

/$sync	Synchronise the buffers. ABAP’s on the application servers will be refreshed, so possibly changed. Not recommended on productionsystems in use.
/h	Turning on the debugging mode
/n	New command
/o	New session

1.4 ABAP reports

RDDIMPDP	Jobtriggerer. Starts the released batchjobs and tp-commands.
RDDNEWPP	To schedule RDDIMPDP, run this as DDIC in each targetclient
RMMMPERI	Periodclosing for MM. Gives problems regularly.
RSCOLL00	Collector for system- and databasedata. Usually runs every hour.
RSDBTIME	Check and repair inconsistencies in the clocks of a system
RSEPSUPL	Upload the patches available in /eps/in	31x
?RSSUPC??	Generates the profiles and activitygroups
RSPARAM	Shows the parametersettings of a running SAP-instance
RSPO1041	Delete old spoolrequests. This abap used to be RSPO0041 in older releases
RSTPTEST	Tests the transporttool
RSUSRxxx	User related reports (000 list active users, 002 userby comlex criteria, etc)
TOUCHALL	Generate all ABAP’s. Takes about 24 hours!

1.5 Profileparameters

rdisp/*	gui-parameters
rdisp/gui_max_wait	maximum time of no response (in 3.x: rdisp/gui_auto_logout)

1.6 Userids

1.6.1 Userids on SAP R/3 level

SAP* Sapsuperuser, has all authorizations. Its default password is available in the OSS.

DDIC Its default password is available in the OSS.

CPIC eh

1.6.2 Userids on databaselevel

SAPR3 User that connect SAP R/3 to the Oracle (or SQL or ..) database

OPS$ Oracle-only. Used to change passwords of OS-level userid’s. see OSS-note 50088

1.6.3 Userids on OS-level

adm os-administrator for unix-activities as creating logical volumes, filegroups, smit, smitty, etc

ora Oracle only: R/3-database administrator for SAPDBA-activities as brarchive, sapdba-analyze, brrestore, etc.

SAPService NT-only: OS-user used for running the service SAPOSCOL

1.6.4 Userid for applying Supportpackages

During applying supportpackages (aka. hotpackages) you need to be logged on to client 000 with a userid other then SAP*, but with the same authorizations.

1.6.5 Userid for configuring and maintaining STMS

During changing the Transport Management System using STMS you need to be logged on as TMSADM in client 000 on the transportdomaincontroller.

1.7 Logfiles

SAP logs almost any action and has a lot of trace-options. Here is a short listing for them:

· systemlog, viewed via transaction SM21, file stored in /work

· developertraces, viewed via ST11 or SM50 and doubleclick the process (as of 4.x), stored in /work
dev_wX log for workproces number X
dev_ms log for workproces for the messageservice
dev_gw log for workproces for the gateway
dev_disp log for workproces for the dispatcher
dev_tp log for workproces for the transports

· startuplog, viewed via ST11

· stderrx, viewed via ST11, 3 or 4 files, hold more errorstatements

· trans.log, viewed via AL11, DIR_TRANS, transportlogfile

1.8 Traces

Tracefiles are very useful when analysing a problem.

· ST05 (System, Utilities, Performance trace) allows you to set a trace per user, transaction, program or process-id.

· SM50. Here you see the processes. Per proces you can see it’s corresponding tracefile via button ‘Show file’. The default trace-level is 1. You can change the tracelevel via Process, Trace, Dispatcher, Change tracelevel (of all processes, not per process).

2 Database

2.1 General databaseknowledge

Logging on to the database is done via:

· Log on as ora

· UNIX: svrmgrl (in Oracle 7.* this used to be ‘sqlplus’)

· NT: sqldba72 (or svrmgr23, svrmgr30)

· connect internal

2.1.1 Database-commands

2.1.1.1 SQL Select-statements

Select * from	useful fields	what does it do?
dba_roles;
dba_tables	where tablespace_name= ’SYSTEM’ and owner=’SYS’;	shows all systemtables
sys.dba_role_privs;	where grantee like ‘OPS$’;	show the roles of the OPS$-user, should be: CONNECT, RESOURCE and SAPDBA.
v$backup		shows which files are in backup mode
v$datafile;		to verify the correct execution
v$datafile	where status not in ('SYSTEM','ONLINE')	should be empty if SAP is online
v$dba_rollback_segs		Data of all rollback segments
v$log;		shows all logfiles (4) and which is active
v$logfile;		shows all physical logfiles (mirrored, so: 8)
v$nls_parameters	where parameter = 'NLS_CHARACTERSET';	returns the characterset with which the database is installed
v$recover_file;		should be empty if SAP is online
v$rollname		Name and number of all ONLINE rollback segments
v$rollstat		Number, status, optimal size, diff. capacity sizes etc. of all ONLINE rollback segments

The V$-files contain the dynamic performance tables which hold the runtime information of R/3. To see all V$-files listed, go to ST04, detailed analysis, button display V$ values.

2.1.1.2 SQL Alter-statements

alter database open;

?alter database rename file ':\\' to ':\\';

alter system switch logfile; (4 times to perform four logswitches)

alter tablespace end backup; the tablespace will end its status of being backed up.

2.1.1.3 SQL Other statements

analyze table validate structure cascade;

drop tablename from ??; deletes the table from the database.

exit; logging out

grant user1 to user2; copies the rights of user1 to user2

saposcol –v show the version of saposcol

2.2 Oracle

2.2.1 important files

init.ora

init.sap

init.dba

2.2.2 OSlevel-commands

exit logging out

lsnrctl start start the oracle listener

lsnrctl status shows the status of the listener

tnsping tests the TNS-connection to the database

smit (or smitty) characterbased menu for handling of filesystems, logical volumes, drives etc.

2.2.3 Brbackup/brrestore

BRRESTORE –m file01/dir01 .. filen/dirn restore the backup and places the files in the given directories instead of the original directories

2.3 MS SQL

Logging on to the database is done via:

· Log on as adm?

· svrmgr30 or svrmgr (as of oracle 8.0)

· connect internal

checkdb to be added (or see microsoft/sql/ knowledgebase)

2.3.1 Services

SAP-Services that needs to be running on OS-level

· SAP_

· SAPoscol

2.3.2 Stored procedures

sp_helpsort

show the SQL-server’s sortorder and characterset (thus the codepage)

2.4 DB 2/400

enddbmon

stop the databasecollector-program when it is running

3 Operating system

3.1 General

3.1.1 ftp

bin	set transferring files to binary (as opposed to ascii)
get	download a file (mget doe not work on SAPSERVx)
ls –l	list directory, -l to show filedetails
put	upload a file (mput does not work on SAPSERVx)
pwd	show current path

3.1.2 General commands

startsap r3	Start SAP from the commandprompt
stopsap	Stop SAP from the commandprompt
tp connect	Tests if you can connect to the database of the system (start in usr/sap/trans)
r3trans –d –v	Tests if you can connect to the database
r3trans –l filename	Checks if the file is consistent and correct and can be imported

3.2 UNIX

3.2.1 Simple commands

chgrp grp filelist	Change the group that the file(s) belong to.
chmod 777 filelist	Change the rights of the file(s). 777: owner-world-user. 7: read-write-delete (=111)
chown user filelist	Change the owner of the file(s)
cp file1 file2	Copy file1 to file2
cp /dev/null file	Clear all contents of file
errpt	Hardware error-report (IBM-unix)
ls –ltr	Show filelist, –parameters: l: show fileattributes , t: sort by time, r: reverse sortorder
more
mv file1 file2	Move command
ps –ef	Show all running processes, -e, -f
vi	The famous vi-editor

3.2.2 A little more complex commands

kill	Kill a process as if it is cancelled. Child processes are killed as well.
kill –1	Kill a process as if the user is logging out. Child processes are killed as well.
kill –9	Kill a process as brutal as possible. Child-processes are not touched.
kill –USR2	Increases TRACE by 1
kill –USR1	Decreases TRACE by 1. When TRACE = 0 all open trace files are closed and can be cleared using ‘cp /dev/null filename’.
lslv	Show the logical volumes
lsvg	Show the volumegroups
sappfpar check pf=	Checks the profileparameter. Do they exist and do they have correct values.
set VAR VAL	set environment variable VAR to value VAL
printenv	prints the environementvariables
ps –ef |grep xxx	Monitor processes with name containing xxx
ps –u	Monitor processes run by user

Crontab

To schedule tasks you have to edit file crontab. Every line starts with five numbers and then a command. The numbers stand for minute, hour, day-of-month, month-of-year, day of week (0 for sunday).

The easiest way to edit the crontab file with a text-editor.

Detailed UNIX-commandlist

To get detailed information about every UNIX-command available and lots of articles, see site

AIX: www.rs6000.ibm.com/cgi-bin/ds_rslt

3.3 NT

at	Schedule anything.
hostname	Shows the hostname
ipconfig /all	Show all ip-addresses of the system
ipcs –m	Show all IPC-processes
ipcrm –m	Kill ipc-process
regedit / regedt32	Edit the registry. (for instance HKLM, software, SAP)
sapntchk	Checks the system, its ip-adresses, running processes etc.
ntenv2reg	Copy the environmentsettings to the registry to secure them
ntreg2env	Copy the registry to the environmentsettings

4 General issues

4.1 SAP Tools

4.1.1 dpmon

This tool allows you to check SAP’s processes and to find out which one is killing the performance. Especially useful when it is not possible anymore to log on to your system.

(Oracle: use adm to start this tool)

dpmon

Start dpmon, type m for the menu

4.1.2 gwmon

This tool allows you to check if the gateway is running. It is an addition to transaction SMGW.

4.1.3 R3load

R3load is used to:

- import/export databases

4.1.4 R3setup

R3setup is used to:

- install SAP-databases

- import exported databases into existing databases

4.1.5 R3trans

R3trans is used to:

- test databaseconnections

- import the transports

r3trans –d-v	Tests the connection to the database
r3trans –l	Tests if the datafileis corrupt or not

4.1.6 sapdba, to be run as ora

Sapdba is run to collect the data for the optimizer. This is done in two steps: First ‘SAPDBA –checkopt PSAP%’ checks which optimizerdata needs to be updated, then ‘SAPDBA –analyze DBSTATCO’ gathers the data of the objects to be updated.

sapdba –analyze DBSTATCO	Gathers the optimizerdata that needs to be updated
sapdba –check	Checks the objects that you specify with its parameters
sapdba –checkopt PSAP%	Checks which optimizerdata needs to be updated
sapdba –statistics	Does all of the above in one run. See note 184513

4.1.7 saplicense, to be run from the ..\exe\run directory

saplicense –test pf=../../profile/default.pfl	Tests if the license is still valid
saplicense –get	Gets the customer key (aka hardwarekey) need for the license
saplicense –install	To install the licensekey received from SAP
saplicense –show	Shows the current license

Request the license for the system by sending the fax included in the installation-kit to SAP.

4.1.8 saprouter

saprouter –r –R profile	Start the saprouter.
Table saprouttab	p * * *(Permit/Deny, From-ip, To-ip, Service)

4.1.9 tp, to be run from the usr\sap\trans\bin

As of version 4.0 there is no more need for us to go down to the os-level. Everything can be done with transaction STMS. Nevertheless the tp-commands are still be useful and needed in some cases (yet). for detailed information on tp-command, see OSS-note 309711.

tp connect	Tests the connection to
tp locksys	Lock the SAP-system for all users except SAP*
tp unlocksys	Unlock the SAP-system, giving access to all users
tp showbuffer	Show the buffer
tp addtobuffer	Add the changerequest to the buffer. possible par.: u1
tp delfrombuffer	Delete the changerequest from the buffer
tp import u.x	Importcommand, parameter u: u1: Import regardless if it is already imported or not u2: Overwrite the originals. u6: Overwrite objects in unconfirmed repairs. u8: Overwrite objects in open repairs

The returncodes for tp import command:

4 Warning

8 Error.

12/14/16 Fatal error

152 Nothing done

>1000 Returncode with extra information, but only the last three digits are relevant

The file TP_.PFL (used to be TPPARAM) in this directory holds the tp-parameter-settings

filesplit=yes|true|on (default=no)

Export will be split into files of size 2147483647 (2GB-1). Useful for OS’s that can not handle files larger then 2GB.

tnx to erpgenie...